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P0501Vehicle speed sensor A range/performance

P0501 means “Vehicle speed sensor A range/performance”. It's a generic powertrain code (vehicle speed, idle control and auxiliary inputs), so it means the same on every make, including VW, Škoda, Audi, SEAT and Cupra.

How urgent is it?

Worth fixing soon; usually drivable meanwhile, but watch for symptoms.

Which system and module

Scanline files it under Sensors. The first letter, P, means powertrain (engine, transmission, emissions).

Usually stored by the engine control unit (VCDS address 01, Engine).

What usually causes it

Typical causes are a starting point, not a diagnosis of your car.

What a shop would usually check first

The sensor and its wiring; implausible signals often come from a connector or a damaged sensor.

Related codes

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Scanline explains fault codes; it isn't a repair authority. This page explains what the code means; it can't tell you what is wrong with your car. Ross-Tech's wiki has their own notes on VW Group faults.